Scalars might best be introduced as simple numbers like 2 or 5 that can be used multiplied against any mathematical object.
In the math below, the 2 is a scalar:
You use the concept of a scalar when you double, triple, or halve a value.
More technically, for something to be a scalar, it must operate on a math object in a way that the answer is also that math object.
- A vector multiplied by a scalar is a vector
- A matrix multiplied by a scalar is a matrix